Tag Archives: toyota axle shaft

China -CCL- shaft drive For Toyota corolla ex 635MM LEFTRIGHT Complete part or separate part CV AXLE AUTO TRANSMISSION SYSTEM drive shaft bearing

Design: PRAIRIE (M10, NM10), REGIUSACE Bus (TRH2_, KDH2_), RAV 4 I (_A1_), SPRINTER Hatchback (_E1_), ToyotaMatrix, AVALON Saloon (_X1_), FORTUNER (_N15_, _N16_), CAMRY Station Wagon (_V1_), ASCENT Saloon, Caribe Station Wagon, Avalon,AvalonHybrid, ALLION I (_T24_), 5FDL-18, ALTIS Saloon (_E21_), COROLLA ALTIS Saloon (_E21_), COROLLA Saloon (_E21_), CELICA Hatchback (_T16_), CALDINA (_T24_), HIGHLANDER / KLUGER (_U2_), MARK X, Rapid Shipping (_Y15_, _H8_, _U6_), Corolla Levin, LAND CRUISER Pickup (_J4_), LAND CRUISER 1, 4346, CY-191, J CY-191, J2657127, ISC-2191, N260N25, N-4016, TO003, RN-014, 0110-ACA33R, TYR-ACA30
Size: 635MM
Material: Steel
Model Variety: TO-8-072
Guarantee: 12 Months
Car Make: For Toyota
Other Trade Mark: PIN, EPX, CCL
Certification: ISO16949
MOQ: 4PCS
Situation: Entrance Axle Left Proper
Brand: CCL
Payment: TT Alipay Paypal Moneygram
Delivery: TNT/DHL/FEDEX
Shipping Time period: EXW
Sample: Indeed
Vehicle design: For Toyota
Packaging Information: 1. CCL model plastic bag, box, carton, packing belt, and woven bag2. neutral box packing

Products Description

Merchandise identify:	CV JOINT FOR TOYOTA
OEM Amount:
Dimensions:	OEM STHangZhouRD
Fat:	8-15KG
Shades:	Silver,Gold,Black
FITTING Place:	Inner
Model:	CCL
Material:	Metal, 55 #metal
MOQ:	No MOQ, According to Stock
Promise:	12 Thirty day period
sample:	Accpet
Certificate:	ISO 9001:2000 TS16949, SGS
Bundle:	1PC /BOX , 4PCS /CTNS
Packing:	CCL Brand Packing or as Customer’s Needs
Supply time:	six-twenty five workdays

Advise Goods Details Photographs Business PROFILE Customer Photos Packaging & Delivery FAQ

air-compressor

How to Identify a Faulty Drive Shaft

The most common problems associated with automotive driveshafts include clicking and rubbing noises. While driving, the noise from the driver’s seat is often noticeable. An experienced auto mechanic can easily identify whether the sound is coming from both sides or from one side. If you notice any of these signs, it’s time to send your car in for a proper diagnosis. Here’s a guide to determining if your car’s driveshaft is faulty:

Symptoms of Driveshaft Failure

If you’re having trouble turning your car, it’s time to check your vehicle’s driveshaft. A bad driveshaft can limit the overall control of your car, and you should fix it as soon as possible to avoid further problems. Other symptoms of a propshaft failure include strange noises from under the vehicle and difficulty shifting gears. Squeaking from under the vehicle is another sign of a faulty driveshaft.
If your driveshaft fails, your car will stop. Although the engine will still run, the wheels will not turn. You may hear strange noises from under the vehicle, but this is a rare symptom of a propshaft failure. However, you will have plenty of time to fix the problem. If you don’t hear any noise, the problem is not affecting your vehicle’s ability to move.
The most obvious signs of a driveshaft failure are dull sounds, squeaks or vibrations. If the drive shaft is unbalanced, it is likely to damage the transmission. It will require a trailer to remove it from your vehicle. Apart from that, it can also affect your car’s performance and require repairs. So if you hear these signs in your car, be sure to have it checked by a mechanic right away.

Drive shaft assembly

When designing a propshaft, the design should be based on the torque required to drive the vehicle. When this torque is too high, it can cause irreversible failure of the drive shaft. Therefore, a good drive shaft design should have a long service life. Here are some tips to help you design a good driveshaft. Some of the main components of the driveshaft are listed below.
Snap Ring: The snap ring is a removable part that secures the bearing cup assembly in the yoke cross hole. It also has a groove for locating the snap ring. Spline: A spline is a patented tubular machined element with a series of ridges that fit into the grooves of the mating piece. The bearing cup assembly consists of a shaft and end fittings.
U-joint: U-joint is required due to the angular displacement between the T-shaped housing and the pinion. This angle is especially large in raised 4x4s. The design of the U-joint must guarantee a constant rotational speed. Proper driveshaft design must account for the difference in angular velocity between the shafts. The T-bracket and output shaft are attached to the bearing caps at both ends.
air-compressor

U-joint

Your vehicle has a set of U-joints on the driveshaft. If your vehicle needs to be replaced, you can do it yourself. You will need a hammer, ratchet and socket. In order to remove the U-joint, you must first remove the bearing cup. In some cases you will need to use a hammer to remove the bearing cup, you should be careful as you don’t want to damage the drive shaft. If you cannot remove the bearing cup, you can also use a vise to press it out.
There are two types of U-joints. One is held by a yoke and the other is held by a c-clamp. A full ring is safer and ideal for vehicles that are often used off-road. In some cases, a full circle can be used to repair a c-clamp u-joint.
In addition to excessive torque, extreme loads and improper lubrication are common causes of U-joint failure. The U-joint on the driveshaft can also be damaged if the engine is modified. If you are driving a vehicle with a heavily modified engine, it is not enough to replace the OE U-joint. In this case, it is important to take the time to properly lubricate these components as needed to keep them functional.

tube yoke

QU40866 Tube Yoke is a common replacement for damaged or damaged driveshaft tubes. They are desirably made of a metallic material, such as an aluminum alloy, and include a hollow portion with a lug structure at one end. Tube yokes can be manufactured using a variety of methods, including casting and forging. A common method involves drawing solid elements and machining them into the final shape. The resulting components are less expensive to produce, especially when compared to other forms.
The tube fork has a connection point to the driveshaft tube. The lug structure provides attachment points for the gimbal. Typically, the driveshaft tube is 5 inches in diameter and the lug structure is 4 inches in diameter. The lug structure also serves as a mounting point for the drive shaft. Once installed, Tube Yoke is easy to maintain. There are two types of lug structures: one is forged tube yoke and the other is welded.
Heavy-duty series drive shafts use bearing plates to secure the yoke to the U-joint. All other dimensions are secured with external snap rings. Yokes are usually machined to accept U-bolts. For some applications, grease fittings are used. This attachment is more suitable for off-road vehicles and performance vehicles.
air-compressor

end yoke

The end yoke of the drive shaft is an integral part of the drive train. Choosing a high-quality end yoke will help ensure long-term operation and prevent premature failure. Pat’s Driveline offers a complete line of automotive end yokes for power take-offs, differentials and auxiliary equipment. They can also measure your existing parts and provide you with high quality replacements.
A U-bolt is an industrial fastener with threaded legs. When used on a driveshaft, it provides greater stability in unstable terrain. You can purchase a U-bolt kit to secure the pinion carrier to the drive shaft. U-bolts also come with lock washers and nuts. Performance cars and off-road vehicles often use this type of attachment. But before you install it, you have to make sure the yoke is machined to accept it.
End yokes can be made of aluminum or steel and are designed to provide strength. It also offers special bolt styles for various applications. CZPT’s drivetrain is also stocked with a full line of automotive flange yokes. The company also produces custom flanged yokes for many popular brands. Since the company has a comprehensive line of replacement flange yokes, it can help you transform your drivetrain from non-serviceable to serviceable.

bushing

The first step in repairing or replacing an automotive driveshaft is to replace worn or damaged bushings. These bushings are located inside the drive shaft to provide a smooth, safe ride. The shaft rotates in a rubber sleeve. If a bushing needs to be replaced, you should first check the manual for recommendations. Some of these components may also need to be replaced, such as the clutch or swingarm.

China -CCL- shaft drive For Toyota corolla ex 635MM LEFTRIGHT Complete part or separate part CV AXLE AUTO TRANSMISSION SYSTEM drive shaft bearing
editor by Cx 2023-06-28

China High quality Factory direct sale CV axle drive shaft for Toyota hilux OEM 43430-0K020 manufacturer

Product: HILUX VII Pickup (_N1_, _N2_, _N3_)
Calendar year: 2004-
OE NO.: 43430-0K571, 43430-0K571, 43430-0K041, 43430-0K050, 43430-0K571, 43430-0K030, 43430-0K040
Car Fitment: Toyota
Reference NO.: J2822066, TY-80
Dimension: thirty*thirty*630MM
Materials: Steel
Product Number: TO-8-111
Warranty: twelve Months, JGY-2430 3 to a hundred and fifty Rpm Speed Large Torque 25KG,CM Dc 12v 24v 2430 BLDC 4632 Worm Gearbox Low Power Motor Electric Brushless 1 yr
Auto Make: for CZPT VIGO, for CZPT VIGO
Product Name: Travel shaft
Producer Brand: CCL
Certification: ISO9001:2000
Packaging Information: 1. CCL ,EPX,model plastic bag, box, carton, packing belt, and woven bag2. neutral box packing

Items Description

OE NO.	43430-0K571/43430-0K571/43430-0K571/43430-0K030/43430-0K040/43430-0K041/43430-0K050
Car Fitment	for TOYOTA
Model	for VIGO HILUX
Year	2006-
Packing Dimensions	12X12X104 cm
Material	Steel
Model Quantity	TO-8-111
Type	Drive shaft
Warranty	1 Many years
Brand Name	CCL
Place of Origin	ZheJiang , China
Certificate	ISO9001
OEM	Acceptable

Item packaging Products DESCRIPTION Usage directions Organization Profile Our team PACKAGING AND Transport CERTIFICATIONS FAQ Q:Could I have a sample to examine the top quality ?A:Yes,for the ready in stock designs, China solar shrimp farm CZPT fish pond paddle wheel aerator solar for sale we could send out out samples right away, For out of stock models, we supply sampling services according to your requirement. Q:How does your manufacturing unit do with regards to quality management?A:Good quality is precedence! And all of raw content we utilised are environmental-friendlyQuality manage division specifically dependable for top quality examining in each and every procedure.Q:How do you make our company long-term and great relationship? A:We hold excellent top quality and aggressive price to make sure our buyers gain We respect every single client as our pal and we sincerely do enterprise and make pals with them.Q:What’s your payment expression? A:T/T, PayPal, Or Alibaba trade assurance.Q:How much is the shipping and delivery price?A:It is dependent on the total excess weight of your purchase and the way you selected for shipping.There are Global Convey Door to Door,Airline Business and CZPT Transportation available.Q:When is the shipping and delivery time?A:According to your buy amount, Normal black bike sprocket chain companies the delivery time will be different. but all primarily based on what components what do you need.We will be really supportive in delivery if client has unchangeable advertising strategy.

How to tell if your driveshaft needs replacing

What is the cause of the unbalanced drive shaft? Unstable U-joint? Your car may make clicking noises while driving. If you can hear it from both sides, it might be time to hand it over to the mechanic. If you’re not sure, read on to learn more. Fortunately, there are many ways to tell if your driveshaft needs replacing.

unbalanced

An unbalanced driveshaft can be the source of strange noises and vibrations in your vehicle. To fix this problem, you should contact a professional. You can try a number of things to fix it, including welding and adjusting the weight. The following are the most common methods. In addition to the methods above, you can use standardized weights to balance the driveshaft. These standardized weights are attached to the shaft by welders.
An unbalanced drive shaft typically produces lateral vibrations per revolution. This type of vibration is usually caused by a damaged shaft, missing counterweights, or a foreign object stuck on the drive shaft. On the other hand, torsional vibrations occur twice per revolution, and they are caused by shaft phase shifts. Finally, critical speed vibration occurs when the RPM of the drive shaft exceeds its rated capacity. If you suspect a driveshaft problem, check the following:
Manually adjusting the imbalance of a drive shaft is not the easiest task. To avoid the difficulty of manual balancing, you can choose to use standardized weights. These weights are fixed on the outer circumference of the drive shaft. The operator can manually position the weight on the shaft with special tools, or use a robot. However, manual balancers have many disadvantages.
air-compressor

unstable

When the angular velocity of the output shaft is not constant, it is unstable. The angular velocity of the output shaft is 0.004 at ph = 29.5 and 1.9 at t = 1.9. The angular velocity of the intermediate shaft is not a problem. But when it’s unstable, the torque applied to it is too much for the machine. It might be a good idea to check the tension on the shaft.
An unstable drive shaft can cause a lot of noise and mechanical vibration. It can lead to premature shaft fatigue failure. CZPT studies the effect of shaft vibration on the rotor bearing system. They investigated the effect of flex coupling misalignment on the vibration of the rotor bearing system. They assume that the vibrational response has two components: x and y. However, this approach has limited application in many situations.
Experimental results show that the presence of cracks in the output shaft may mask the unbalanced excitation characteristics. For example, the presence of superharmonic peaks on the spectrum is characteristic of cracks. The presence of cracks in the output shaft masks unbalanced excitation characteristics that cannot be detected in the transient response of the input shaft. Figure 8 shows that the frequency of the rotor increases at critical speed and decreases as the shaft passes the natural frequency.

Unreliable

If you’re having trouble driving your car, chances are you’ve run into an unreliable driveshaft. This type of drivetrain can cause the wheels to stick or not turn at all, and also limit the overall control of the car. Whatever the reason, these issues should be resolved as soon as possible. Here are some symptoms to look for when diagnosing a driveshaft fault. Let’s take a closer look.
The first symptom you may notice is an unreliable drive shaft. You may feel vibrations, or hear noises under the vehicle. Depending on the cause, it could be a broken joint or a broken shaft. The good news is that driveshaft repairs are generally relatively inexpensive and take less time than a complete drivetrain replacement. If you’re not sure what to do, CZPT has a guide to replacing the U-connector.
One of the most common signs of an unreliable driveshaft is clanging and vibration. These sounds can be caused by worn bushings, loose U-joints, or damaged center bearings. This can cause severe vibration and noise. You can also feel these vibrations through the steering wheel or the floor. An unreliable driveshaft is a symptom of a bigger problem.
air-compressor

Unreliable U-joints

A car with an unreliable U-joint on the drive shaft can be dangerous. A bad u-joint can prevent the vehicle from driving properly and may even cause you trouble. Unreliable u-joints are cheap to replace and you should try getting parts from quality manufacturers. Unreliable U-joints can cause the car to vibrate in the chassis or gear lever. This is a sure sign that your car has been neglected in maintenance.
Replacing a U-joint is not a complicated task, but it requires special tools and a lot of elbow grease. If you don’t have the right tools, or you’re unfamiliar with mechanical terminology, it’s best to seek the help of a mechanic. A professional mechanic will be able to accurately assess the problem and propose an appropriate solution. But if you don’t feel confident enough, you can replace your own U-connector by following a few simple steps.
To ensure the vehicle’s driveshaft is not damaged, check the U-joint for wear and lubrication. If the U-joint is worn, the metal parts are likely to rub against each other, causing wear. The sooner a problem is diagnosed, the faster it can be resolved. Also, the longer you wait, the more you lose on repairs.

damaged drive shaft

The driveshaft is the part of the vehicle that connects the wheels. If the driveshaft is damaged, the wheels may stop turning and the vehicle may slow down or stop moving completely. It bears the weight of the car itself as well as the load on the road. So even a slight bend or break in the drive shaft can have dire consequences. Even a piece of loose metal can become a lethal missile if dropped from a vehicle.
If you hear a screeching noise or growl from your vehicle when shifting gears, your driveshaft may be damaged. When this happens, damage to the u-joint and excessive slack in the drive shaft can result. These conditions can further damage the drivetrain, including the front half. You should replace the driveshaft as soon as you notice any symptoms. After replacing the driveshaft, you can start looking for signs of wear.
A knocking sound is a sign of damage to the drive shaft. If you hear this sound while driving, it may be due to worn couplings, damaged propshaft bearings, or damaged U-joints. In some cases, the knocking noise can even be caused by a damaged U-joint. When this happens, you may need to replace the entire driveshaft, requiring a new one.
air-compressor

Maintenance fees

The cost of repairing a driveshaft varies widely, depending on the type and cause of the problem. A new driveshaft costs between $300 and $1,300, including labor. Repairing a damaged driveshaft can cost anywhere from $200 to $300, depending on the time required and the type of parts required. Symptoms of a damaged driveshaft include unresponsiveness, vibration, chassis noise and a stationary car.
The first thing to consider when estimating the cost of repairing a driveshaft is the type of vehicle you have. Some vehicles have more than one, and the parts used to make them may not be compatible with other cars. Even if the same car has two driveshafts, the damaged ones will cost more. Fortunately, many auto repair shops offer free quotes to repair damaged driveshafts, but be aware that such work can be complicated and expensive.

China High quality Factory direct sale CV axle drive shaft for Toyota hilux OEM 43430-0K020 manufacturer
editor by czh 2023-03-02

China GJF Auto Spare Parts Front CV Axle Drive Shaft Inner Outer CV Joint For Toyota Nissan Honda Hyundai Ford Volvo Kia Mazda drive shaft equipment

Design: CR-V, Elysion, Insight, Stepwagon, Civic, HR-V, ODYSSEY, Accord, Legend, Tucson, Atos, H-1, H100, GRACE, MATRIX, IONIQ, Kona, H350, Elantra, Coupe, I10, Accent, Santa Fe, LANTRA, I30, Genesis, I20, i40, S, AMG GT, A-course, CLS350, Citan Kasten, CLA, C-Klasse, C180, CITARO, actros, JD Silent 550w 750w 1100w 1500w paint compressor de ar 30l 40l dental portable industrial oil free of charge air compressor C-Course, axor, E-class, E-Klasse, CLK, CLS, PRIMERA, MARCH, SUNNY, URVAN, PATROL, Almera, Qashqai, NAVARA, NP300, Micra, TIIDA, SKYLINE, X-Path, Camry, AVENSIS, COROLLA, CROWN, NOAH/VOXY, Rav 4, VIOS, Land Cruiser, Celica, Highlander, 4 Runner, HIACE, Dyna, PICNIC (_XM1_), HILUX
Yr: 2013-2016, 2012-2016, 2012-2016, 2017-, 2013-2016, High high quality industrial drive sprocket forty five # metal authentic stainless steel chain metal sprocket wheel equipment 2016-2017, 2011-2012, 2004-2016, 2008-2016, 2014-2016, 2007-2009, 2009-2016, 2015-2016, 2004-2016, 2011-2016, 2006-2016, 2014-2016, 1999-2004, 2003-2007, 2015-2016, 2015-2016, 2001-2571, 2015-2016, 2012-2016, 2015-2016, 1998-2000, 1992-1996, 2015-2016, 2015-2016, 2015-2016, 2015-2016, 2011-2016, 2013-2016, 2006-2571, 2014-2014, 2015-2016, 2014-2016, 2015-2016, 2014-2016, 2016-2016, 2012-2016, 2012-2016, 2015-2016, Aluminum chain sprocket manufactured in China provider with more than thirteen years experience in creating chain sprocket 2015-2016, 2016-2016, 2008-2015, 2003-2016, 2011-, 2017-2018, 2014-2016, 2006-2007, 2013-2016, 2008-2013, 2015-2016, 2018-2019, 2015-2016, 2012-2016, 1999-2005, 2014-2016, 2006-2016, 2012-2016, 2011-2016, 2011-2016, 2012-2016, 2015-2016, 2013-2016, 2015-2016, 2013-2016, 2002-2008, 2017-2019, 2017-2019, 1998-2012, 1996-2001, 2017-2019, 1996-2571, 2002-2012
OE NO.: OE number or VIN amount
Vehicle Fitment: Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, HONDA, Hyundai, Toyota
Reference NO.: 571-V75RH
Dimensions: Original Common Measurement
Content: 42CrMo alloy metal
Model Amount: OE number or VIN amount
Warranty: 12 Months
Car Make: Match for ninety five% automobile model
Product Identify: Internal & outer cv joint
Color: Sliver / Black
MOQ: ten pcs
Supply time: 1-7 days
Payment: L/C,T/T, FEBEST Drive SHAFT BEARING HCB-001 (45710-SJE-013 45710-S9A-J01) FOR HONDA western Union,Cash
Packaging Information: GJF Brand bag & box Packing or as Customer’s Demands

size	standard
Name	GJF cv axle
brand	GJF
MOQ	4 PCS

Major Item ABOUT US FAQ If you have any inquiries, make sure you make contact with us and we will reply to you as quickly as attainable

Driveshaft structure and vibrations associated with it

The structure of the drive shaft is critical to its efficiency and reliability. Drive shafts typically contain claw couplings, rag joints and universal joints. Other drive shafts have prismatic or splined joints. Learn about the different types of drive shafts and how they work. If you want to know the vibrations associated with them, read on. But first, let’s define what a driveshaft is.
air-compressor

transmission shaft

As the demand on our vehicles continues to increase, so does the demand on our drive systems. Higher CO2 emission standards and stricter emission standards increase the stress on the drive system while improving comfort and shortening the turning radius. These and other negative effects can place significant stress and wear on components, which can lead to driveshaft failure and increase vehicle safety risks. Therefore, the drive shaft must be inspected and replaced regularly.
Depending on your model, you may only need to replace one driveshaft. However, the cost to replace both driveshafts ranges from $650 to $1850. Additionally, you may incur labor costs ranging from $140 to $250. The labor price will depend on your car model and its drivetrain type. In general, however, the cost of replacing a driveshaft ranges from $470 to $1850.
Regionally, the automotive driveshaft market can be divided into four major markets: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World. North America is expected to dominate the market, while Europe and Asia Pacific are expected to grow the fastest. Furthermore, the market is expected to grow at the highest rate in the future, driven by economic growth in the Asia Pacific region. Furthermore, most of the vehicles sold globally are produced in these regions.
The most important feature of the driveshaft is to transfer the power of the engine to useful work. Drive shafts are also known as propeller shafts and cardan shafts. In a vehicle, a propshaft transfers torque from the engine, transmission, and differential to the front or rear wheels, or both. Due to the complexity of driveshaft assemblies, they are critical to vehicle safety. In addition to transmitting torque from the engine, they must also compensate for deflection, angular changes and length changes.

type

Different types of drive shafts include helical shafts, gear shafts, worm shafts, planetary shafts and synchronous shafts. Radial protruding pins on the head provide a rotationally secure connection. At least one bearing has a groove extending along its circumferential length that allows the pin to pass through the bearing. There can also be two flanges on each end of the shaft. Depending on the application, the shaft can be installed in the most convenient location to function.
Propeller shafts are usually made of high-quality steel with high specific strength and modulus. However, they can also be made from advanced composite materials such as carbon fiber, Kevlar and fiberglass. Another type of propeller shaft is made of thermoplastic polyamide, which is stiff and has a high strength-to-weight ratio. Both drive shafts and screw shafts are used to drive cars, ships and motorcycles.
Sliding and tubular yokes are common components of drive shafts. By design, their angles must be equal or intersect to provide the correct angle of operation. Unless the working angles are equal, the shaft vibrates twice per revolution, causing torsional vibrations. The best way to avoid this is to make sure the two yokes are properly aligned. Crucially, these components have the same working angle to ensure smooth power flow.
The type of drive shaft varies according to the type of motor. Some are geared, while others are non-geared. In some cases, the drive shaft is fixed and the motor can rotate and steer. Alternatively, a flexible shaft can be used to control the speed and direction of the drive. In some applications where linear power transmission is not possible, flexible shafts are a useful option. For example, flexible shafts can be used in portable devices.
air-compressor

put up

The construction of the drive shaft has many advantages over bare metal. A shaft that is flexible in multiple directions is easier to maintain than a shaft that is rigid in other directions. The shaft body and coupling flange can be made of different materials, and the flange can be made of a different material than the main shaft body. For example, the coupling flange can be made of steel. The main shaft body is preferably flared on at least one end, and the at least one coupling flange includes a first generally frustoconical projection extending into the flared end of the main shaft body.
The normal stiffness of fiber-based shafts is achieved by the orientation of parallel fibers along the length of the shaft. However, the bending stiffness of this shaft is reduced due to the change in fiber orientation. Since the fibers continue to travel in the same direction from the first end to the second end, the reinforcement that increases the torsional stiffness of the shaft is not affected. In contrast, a fiber-based shaft is also flexible because it uses ribs that are approximately 90 degrees from the centerline of the shaft.
In addition to the helical ribs, the drive shaft 100 may also contain reinforcing elements. These reinforcing elements maintain the structural integrity of the shaft. These reinforcing elements are called helical ribs. They have ribs on both the outer and inner surfaces. This is to prevent shaft breakage. These elements can also be shaped to be flexible enough to accommodate some of the forces generated by the drive. Shafts can be designed using these methods and made into worm-like drive shafts.

vibration

The most common cause of drive shaft vibration is improper installation. There are five common types of driveshaft vibration, each related to installation parameters. To prevent this from happening, you should understand what causes these vibrations and how to fix them. The most common types of vibration are listed below. This article describes some common drive shaft vibration solutions. It may also be beneficial to consider the advice of a professional vibration technician for drive shaft vibration control.
If you’re not sure if the problem is the driveshaft or the engine, try turning on the stereo. Thicker carpet kits can also mask vibrations. Nonetheless, you should contact an expert as soon as possible. If vibration persists after vibration-related repairs, the driveshaft needs to be replaced. If the driveshaft is still under warranty, you can repair it yourself.
CV joints are the most common cause of third-order driveshaft vibration. If they are binding or fail, they need to be replaced. Alternatively, your CV joints may just be misaligned. If it is loose, you can check the CV connector. Another common cause of drive shaft vibration is improper assembly. Improper alignment of the yokes on both ends of the shaft can cause them to vibrate.
Incorrect trim height can also cause driveshaft vibration. Correct trim height is necessary to prevent drive shaft wobble. Whether your vehicle is new or old, you can perform some basic fixes to minimize problems. One of these solutions involves balancing the drive shaft. First, use the hose clamps to attach the weights to it. Next, attach an ounce of weight to it and spin it. By doing this, you minimize the frequency of vibration.
air-compressor

cost

The global driveshaft market is expected to exceed (xxx) million USD by 2028, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX%. Its soaring growth can be attributed to several factors, including increasing urbanization and R&D investments by leading market players. The report also includes an in-depth analysis of key market trends and their impact on the industry. Additionally, the report provides a comprehensive regional analysis of the Driveshaft Market.
The cost of replacing the drive shaft depends on the type of repair required and the cause of the failure. Typical repair costs range from $300 to $750. Rear-wheel drive cars usually cost more. But front-wheel drive vehicles cost less than four-wheel drive vehicles. You may also choose to try repairing the driveshaft yourself. However, it is important to do your research and make sure you have the necessary tools and equipment to perform the job properly.
The report also covers the competitive landscape of the Drive Shafts market. It includes graphical representations, detailed statistics, management policies, and governance components. Additionally, it includes a detailed cost analysis. Additionally, the report presents views on the COVID-19 market and future trends. The report also provides valuable information to help you decide how to compete in your industry. When you buy a report like this, you are adding credibility to your work.
A quality driveshaft can improve your game by ensuring distance from the tee and improving responsiveness. The new material in the shaft construction is lighter, stronger and more responsive than ever before, so it is becoming a key part of the driver. And there are a variety of options to suit any budget. The main factor to consider when buying a shaft is its quality. However, it’s important to note that quality doesn’t come cheap and you should always choose an axle based on what your budget can handle.

China GJF Auto Spare Parts Front CV Axle Drive Shaft Inner Outer CV Joint For Toyota Nissan Honda Hyundai Ford Volvo Kia Mazda drive shaft equipment
editor by czh 2023-03-01

China Auto Parts Car Front Rear Cv Axle Drive Shaft For Toyota Honda Nissan Mazda Hyundai Mitsubishi Kia Ford Volvo VW Mazda BMW Benz drive shaft coupler

Design: CR-V, Jazz, Stepwgn, Civic, In shape, Metropolis Saloon (GM4, GM5, GM6, GM9), STEPWGN (LA-RF_, UA-RF_), Accord, Legend, Atos, Sonata, Accent, Santa Fe, GRANDEUR, I20, IX20, 626, 323, 3, MPV, 6, WINGROAD / Ad Wagon (_Y12), SUNNY, BLUEBIRD, NAVARA System/Chassis (D23), SENTRA, PATROL, TEANA II (J32), Choose UP (D22), PRIMERA Hatchback (P12), MAXIMA VII (A35), MURANO III (Z52_), X-Path (T32_), PATHFINDER IV (R52), Caravan, ELGRAND (E52), BLUEBIRD SYLPHY II (G11), SKYLINE, PRIMASTAR Bus (X83), ALTIMA (L33), CHERRY, VERSA II, Legacy, STELLA, IMPREZA, Forester, AVENSIS Saloon (_T27_), MARK II Saloon (_X11_), CROWN, PREVIA III (_R2_, Equipment Pitch 19.05mm Industrial Sprocket Wheel 1Pcs A3 Metal 12A Chain Push Flat Sprocket ten-25 Tooth Roller Chain _R5_), PASSO (_NGC3_, _KGC3_), COROLLA Estate (_E16_), LAND CRUISER PRADO (_J12_), HIGHLANDER / KLUGER (_U5_), LAND CRUISER PRADO (_J15_), AVALON Saloon (_X3_), HIACE IV Bus (_H1_, _H2_), VISTA Saloon (_V5_), Prius, RAV4, CARINA Saloon (_T21_), YARIS, HILUX VII Pickup (_N1_, _N2_, _N3_), 4 RUNNER (_N28_), COROLLA Estate (_E14_), STARLET, PICNIC (_XM1_)
12 months: 2014-2015, 2011-2012, 2012-2016, 2013-2016, 2015-2016, 2014-2016, 2009-2012, 2008-, 2008-2016, 2015-2016, 2015-2016, 2004-2016, 2011-2016, 2011-2016, 2015-2016, 2016-2016, 2571-2016, 2571-2016, 2013-2016, 1995, 2001-2002, 2002-2006, 2006-2016, 1991-1997, 1984-1986, 2002-2016, 2008-2015, 2012-2016, 2011-2016, 2006-2007, 2011-2016, 2571-2016, 2571-2016, Reduced value hefty machinery PC8000 PC5500 PC4000 PC3000 roller track sprocket rollers 2014-, 2012-2016, 2571-2016, 1996-1999, 2009-2016, 2015-2016, 2014-2016, 2012-2016, 2005-2012, 2006-, 2009-, 2013-, 2012-, 2005-, 2008-, 1996-2001, 2002-2004, 1995-, 2009-, 1996-2001, 1998-2003, 2571-, 2004-, 2002-2009, 2008-, 2571-, 2012-, 1997-, 2014-, 2005-, 2000-2005, 2012-, 2013-, 2002-, 2012-, 2001-, 2011-, 2015-, 2005-, 2008-2013
OE NO.: OE Num or Automobile Chassis amount
Vehicle Fitment: Mazda, Nissan, HONDA, Subaru, Hyundai, Toyota
Reference NO.: a hundred and fifty 1877-SX, 571KB4A47
Dimension: OEM STHangZhouRD
Substance: Steel
Design Variety: OE Num or Auto Chassis variety
Warranty: 2 A long time
Car Make: for Japanese automobiles
Packing Specifics: EEP Brand name Packing or as Customer’s Needs
Sample: Charge samples offered, make sure you Make contact with us
Certificate: ISO9001, TS16949, SGS
Shipping and delivery time: 1-7 times for stock items, 25 times for manufacturing items
Stock QTY: two hundred Pcs
Payment: L/C, T/T, Western Union, Other (Funds)
MOQ: 4 PCS,if have inventory, QS Motor Kit 4000W QS138 90H 100KMPH Air Cooling Mid Push Motor Kits Powertrain for Electrical Offroad Dirtbike ATV Go Kart NO MOQ Restrict
Certification: ISO 9001/TS16949
Packaging Details: EEP Brand name nylon bag & box Packing or as Customer’s Specifications
Port: HangZhou

Heat Suggestion:pls get in touch with us to verify your automobile product and OEM variety.

Item Name	Drive shaft
MOQ	10
Brand	EEP
Warranty	1 12 months
Delivery Time	1-7 times

If you have any issue pls feel free speak to us , Thank you for your help.

Why Checking the Drive Shaft is Important

If you hear clicking noises while driving, your driveshaft may need repair. An experienced mechanic can tell if the noise is coming from one side or both sides. This problem is usually related to the torque converter. Read on to learn why it’s so important to have your driveshaft inspected by an auto mechanic. Here are some symptoms to look for. Clicking noises can be caused by many different things. You should first check if the noise is coming from the front or the rear of the vehicle.
air-compressor

hollow drive shaft

Hollow driveshafts have many benefits. They are light and reduce the overall weight of the vehicle. The largest manufacturer of these components in the world is CZPT. They also offer lightweight solutions for various applications, such as high-performance axles. CZPT driveshafts are manufactured using state-of-the-art technology. They offer excellent quality at competitive prices.
The inner diameter of the hollow shaft reduces the magnitude of the internal forces, thereby reducing the amount of torque transmitted. Unlike solid shafts, hollow shafts are getting stronger. The material inside the hollow shaft is slightly lighter, which further reduces its weight and overall torque. However, this also increases its drag at high speeds. This means that in many applications hollow driveshafts are not as efficient as solid driveshafts.
A conventional hollow drive shaft consists of a first rod 14 and a second rod 14 on both sides. The first rod is connected with the second rod, and the second rod extends in the rotation direction. The two rods are then friction welded to the central area of the hollow shaft. The frictional heat generated during the relative rotation helps to connect the two parts. Hollow drive shafts can be used in internal combustion engines and environmentally-friendly vehicles.
The main advantage of a hollow driveshaft is weight reduction. The splines of the hollow drive shaft can be designed to be smaller than the outside diameter of the hollow shaft, which can significantly reduce weight. Hollow shafts are also less likely to jam compared to solid shafts. Hollow driveshafts are expected to eventually occupy the world market for automotive driveshafts. Its advantages include fuel efficiency and greater flexibility compared to solid prop shafts.

Cardan shaft

Cardan shafts are a popular choice in industrial machinery. They are used to transmit power from one machine to another and are available in a variety of sizes and shapes. They are available in a variety of materials, including steel, copper, and aluminum. If you plan to install one of these shafts, it is important to know the different types of Cardan shafts available. To find the best option, browse the catalog.
Telescopic or “Cardan” prop shafts, also known as U-joints, are ideal for efficient torque transfer between the drive and output system. They are efficient, lightweight, and energy-efficient. They employ advanced methods, including finite element modeling (FEM), to ensure maximum performance, weight, and efficiency. Additionally, the Cardan shaft has an adjustable length for easy repositioning.
Another popular choice for driveshafts is the Cardan shaft, also known as a driveshaft. The purpose of the driveshaft is to transfer torque from the engine to the wheels. They are typically used in high-performance car engines. Some types are made of brass, iron, or steel and have unique surface designs. Cardan shafts are available in inclined and parallel configurations.
Single Cardan shafts are a common replacement for standard Cardan shafts, but if you are looking for dual Cardan shafts for your vehicle, you will want to choose the 1310 series. This type is great for lifted jeeps and requires a CV-compatible transfer case. Some even require axle spacers. The dual Cardan shafts are also designed for lifts, which means it’s a good choice for raising and lowering jeeps.
air-compressor

universal joint

Cardan joints are a good choice for drive shafts when operating at a constant speed. Their design allows a constant angular velocity ratio between the input and output shafts. Depending on the application, the recommended speed limit may vary depending on the operating angle, transmission power, and application. These recommendations must be based on pressure. The maximum permissible speed of the drive shaft is determined by determining the angular acceleration.
Because gimbal joints don’t require grease, they can last a long time but eventually fail. If they are poorly lubricated or dry, they can cause metal-to-metal contact. The same is true for U-joints that do not have oil filling capability. While they have a long lifespan, it can be difficult to spot warning signs that could indicate impending joint failure. To avoid this, check the drive shaft regularly.
U-joints should not exceed seventy percent of their lateral critical velocity. However, if this speed is exceeded, the part will experience unacceptable vibration, reducing its useful life. To determine the best U-joint for your application, please contact your universal joint supplier. Typically, lower speeds do not require balancing. In these cases, you should consider using a larger pitch diameter to reduce axial force.
To minimize the angular velocity and torque of the output shaft, the two joints must be in phase. Therefore, the output shaft angular displacement does not completely follow the input shaft. Instead, it will lead or lag. Figure 3 illustrates the angular velocity variation and peak displacement lead of the gimbal. The ratios are shown below. The correct torque for this application is 1360 in-Ibs.

Refurbished drive shaft

Refurbished driveshafts are a good choice for a number of reasons. They are cheaper than brand new alternatives and generally just as reliable. Driveshafts are essential to the function of any car, truck, or bus. These parts are made of hollow metal tubes. While this helps reduce weight and expense, it is vulnerable to external influences. If this happens, it may crack or bend. If the shaft suffers this type of damage, it can cause serious damage to the transmission.
A car’s driveshaft is a critical component that transmits torque from the engine to the wheels. A1 Drive Shaft is a global supplier of automotive driveshafts and related components. Their factory has the capability to refurbish and repair almost any make or model of driveshafts. Refurbished driveshafts are available for every make and model of vehicle. They can be found on the market for a variety of vehicles, including passenger cars, trucks, vans, and SUVs.
Unusual noises indicate that your driveshaft needs to be replaced. Worn U-joints and bushings can cause excessive vibration. These components cause wear on other parts of the drivetrain. If you notice any of these symptoms, please take your vehicle to the AAMCO Bay Area Center for a thorough inspection. If you suspect damage to the driveshaft, don’t wait another minute – it can be very dangerous.
air-compressor

The cost of replacing the drive shaft

The cost of replacing a driveshaft varies, but on average, this repair costs between $200 and $1,500. While this price may vary by vehicle, the cost of parts and labor is generally equal. If you do the repair yourself, you should know how much the parts and labor will cost before you start work. Some parts can be more expensive than others, so it’s a good idea to compare the cost of several locations before deciding where to go.
If you notice any of these symptoms, you should seek a repair shop immediately. If you are still not sure if the driveshaft is damaged, do not drive the car any distance until it is repaired. Symptoms to look for include lack of power, difficulty moving the car, squeaking, clanking, or vibrating when the vehicle is moving.
Parts used in drive shafts include center support bearings, slip joints, and U-joints. The price of the driveshaft varies by vehicle and may vary by model of the same year. Also, different types of driveshafts require different repair methods and are much more expensive. Overall, though, a driveshaft replacement costs between $300 and $1,300. The process may take about an hour, depending on the vehicle model.
Several factors can lead to the need to replace the drive shaft, including bearing corrosion, damaged seals, or other components. In some cases, the U-joint indicates that the drive shaft needs to be replaced. Even if the bearings and u-joints are in good condition, they will eventually break and require the replacement of the drive shaft. However, these parts are not cheap, and if a damaged driveshaft is a symptom of a bigger problem, you should take the time to replace the shaft.

China Auto Parts Car Front Rear Cv Axle Drive Shaft For Toyota Honda Nissan Mazda Hyundai Mitsubishi Kia Ford Volvo VW Mazda BMW Benz drive shaft coupler
editor by czh 2023-02-11

China Gjf CV Axle OEM Car Parts Front Left Drive Shaft 43420-0e030 for Toyota Highlander C-To083A-8h a line drive shaft

Product Description

Item Description

one.We are maker of cv travel shaft,cv axle, cv joint and cv boot, we have much more than 20-years knowledge in generating and marketing automobile parts.
2.We have strict quality control, the good quality of our merchandise is really very good.
three.We are professional in diverse marketplace all around the globe.
four.The testimonials our clients given us are extremely positive, we have confidence in our items.
5.OEM/ODM is obtainable, fulfill your specifications nicely.
six.Large warehouse, huge stocks!!! welcoming for these consumers who want some quantity.
seven.Ship goods out really fastly, we have stock.

Product Name	Push shaft	Material	42CrMo alloy steel
Automobile fitment	Toyota	Warranty	twelve months
Model	Highlander Gsu45/L 2008-	Place of origin	ZHangZhoug, China
Certification	SGS/TUV/ISO	MOQ	4 PCS
Transportation	Specific/ by sea/ by air/ by land	Delivery time	one-7 days
OEM/ODM	Of course	Brand	GJF
Advantages	big shares/ provide fastly/ rigid quality supervision	Payment	L/C,T/T,western Union,Income,PayPal
Sample service	Is dependent on the scenario of stock	Weight	About 9KG

Thorough Photographs

Consumer Review

Packaging & Shipping and delivery

FAQ

US $41.27-55
/ Piece
| 4 Pieces

(Min. Order)

###

After-sales Service:	12 Months
Condition:	New
Axle Number:	1
Application:	Car
Certification:	ASTM, CE, DIN, ISO
Material:	Alloy

###

Samples:	US$ 41.27/Piece 1 Piece(Min.Order) \| Request Sample

###

Customization:	Available \| Customized Request

###

Product Name	Drive shaft	Material	42CrMo alloy steel
Car fitment	Toyota	Warranty	12 months
Model	Highlander Gsu45/L 2008-	Place of origin	Zhejiang, China
Certification	SGS/TUV/ISO	MOQ	4 PCS
Transportation	Express/ by sea/ by air/ by land	Delivery time	1-7 days
OEM/ODM	Yes	Brand	GJF
Advantages	large stocks/ deliver fastly/ strict quality supervision	Payment	L/C,T/T,western Union,Cash,PayPal
Sample service	Depends on the situation of stock	Weight	About 9KG

US $41.27-55
/ Piece
| 4 Pieces

(Min. Order)

###

After-sales Service:	12 Months
Condition:	New
Axle Number:	1
Application:	Car
Certification:	ASTM, CE, DIN, ISO
Material:	Alloy

###

Samples:	US$ 41.27/Piece 1 Piece(Min.Order) \| Request Sample

###

Customization:	Available \| Customized Request

###

Product Name	Drive shaft	Material	42CrMo alloy steel
Car fitment	Toyota	Warranty	12 months
Model	Highlander Gsu45/L 2008-	Place of origin	Zhejiang, China
Certification	SGS/TUV/ISO	MOQ	4 PCS
Transportation	Express/ by sea/ by air/ by land	Delivery time	1-7 days
OEM/ODM	Yes	Brand	GJF
Advantages	large stocks/ deliver fastly/ strict quality supervision	Payment	L/C,T/T,western Union,Cash,PayPal
Sample service	Depends on the situation of stock	Weight	About 9KG

Different parts of the drive shaft

The driveshaft is the flexible rod that transmits torque between the transmission and the differential. The term drive shaft may also refer to a cardan shaft, a transmission shaft or a propeller shaft. Parts of the drive shaft are varied and include:
The driveshaft is a flexible rod that transmits torque from the transmission to the differential

When the driveshaft in your car starts to fail, you should seek professional help as soon as possible to fix the problem. A damaged driveshaft can often be heard. This noise sounds like “tak tak” and is usually more pronounced during sharp turns. However, if you can’t hear the noise while driving, you can check the condition of the car yourself.
The drive shaft is an important part of the automobile transmission system. It transfers torque from the transmission to the differential, which then transfers it to the wheels. The system is complex, but still critical to the proper functioning of the car. It is the flexible rod that connects all other parts of the drivetrain. The driveshaft is the most important part of the drivetrain, and understanding its function will make it easier for you to properly maintain your car.
Driveshafts are used in different vehicles, including front-wheel drive, four-wheel drive, and front-engine rear-wheel drive. Drive shafts are also used in motorcycles, locomotives and ships. Common front-engine, rear-wheel drive vehicle configurations are shown below. The type of tube used depends on the size, speed and strength of the drive shaft.
The output shaft is also supported by the output link, which has two identical supports. The upper part of the drive module supports a large tapered roller bearing, while the opposite flange end is supported by a parallel roller bearing. This ensures that the torque transfer between the differentials is efficient. If you want to learn more about car differentials, read this article.
air-compressor

It is also known as cardan shaft, propeller shaft or drive shaft

A propshaft or propshaft is a mechanical component that transmits rotation or torque from an engine or transmission to the front or rear wheels of a vehicle. Because the axes are not directly connected to each other, it must allow relative motion. Because of its role in propelling the vehicle, it is important to understand the components of the driveshaft. Here are some common types.
Isokinetic Joint: This type of joint guarantees that the output speed is the same as the input speed. To achieve this, it must be mounted back-to-back on a plane that bisects the drive angle. Then mount the two gimbal joints back-to-back and adjust their relative positions so that the velocity changes at one joint are offset by the other joint.
Driveshaft: The driveshaft is the transverse shaft that transmits power to the front wheels. Driveshaft: The driveshaft connects the rear differential to the transmission. The shaft is part of a drive shaft assembly that includes a drive shaft, a slip joint, and a universal joint. This shaft provides rotational torque to the drive shaft.
Dual Cardan Joints: This type of driveshaft uses two cardan joints mounted back-to-back. The center yoke replaces the intermediate shaft. For the duplex universal joint to work properly, the angle between the input shaft and the output shaft must be equal. Once aligned, the two axes will operate as CV joints. An improved version of the dual gimbal is the Thompson coupling, which offers slightly more efficiency at the cost of added complexity.
air-compressor

It transmits torque at different angles between driveline components

A vehicle’s driveline consists of various components that transmit power from the engine to the wheels. This includes axles, propshafts, CV joints and differentials. Together, these components transmit torque at different angles between driveline components. A car’s powertrain can only function properly if all its components work in harmony. Without these components, power from the engine would stop at the transmission, which is not the case with a car.
The CV driveshaft design provides smoother operation at higher operating angles and extends differential and transfer case life. The assembly’s central pivot point intersects the joint angle and transmits smooth rotational power and surface speed through the drivetrain. In some cases, the C.V. “U” connector. Drive shafts are not the best choice because the joint angles of the “U” joints are often substantially unequal and can cause torsional vibration.
Driveshafts also have different names, including driveshafts. A car’s driveshaft transfers torque from the transmission to the differential, which is then distributed to other driveline components. A power take-off (PTO) shaft is similar to a prop shaft. They transmit mechanical power to connected components. They are critical to the performance of any car. If any of these components are damaged, the entire drivetrain will not function properly.
A car’s powertrain can be complex and difficult to maintain. Adding vibration to the drivetrain can cause premature wear and shorten overall life. This driveshaft tip focuses on driveshaft assembly, operation, and maintenance, and how to troubleshoot any problems that may arise. Adding proper solutions to pain points can extend the life of the driveshaft. If you’re in the market for a new or used car, be sure to read this article.

it consists of several parts

“It consists of several parts” is one of seven small prints. This word consists of 10 letters and is one of the hardest words to say. However, it can be explained simply by comparing it to a cow’s kidney. The cocoa bean has several parts, and the inside of the cocoa bean before bursting has distinct lines. This article will discuss the different parts of the cocoa bean and provide a fun way to learn more about the word.
air-compressor

Replacement is expensive

Replacing a car’s driveshaft can be an expensive affair, and it’s not the only part that needs servicing. A damaged drive shaft can also cause other problems. This is why getting estimates from different repair shops is essential. Often, a simple repair is cheaper than replacing the entire unit. Listed below are some tips for saving money when replacing a driveshaft. Listed below are some of the costs associated with repairs:
First, learn how to determine if your vehicle needs a driveshaft replacement. Damaged driveshaft components can cause intermittent or lack of power. Additionally, improperly installed or assembled driveshaft components can cause problems with the daily operation of the car. Whenever you suspect that your car needs a driveshaft repair, seek professional advice. A professional mechanic will have the knowledge and experience needed to properly solve the problem.
Second, know which parts need servicing. Check the u-joint bushing. They should be free of crumbs and not cracked. Also, check the center support bearing. If this part is damaged, the entire drive shaft needs to be replaced. Finally, know which parts to replace. The maintenance cost of the drive shaft is significantly lower than the maintenance cost. Finally, determine if the repaired driveshaft is suitable for your vehicle.
If you suspect your driveshaft needs service, make an appointment with a repair shop as soon as possible. If you are experiencing vibration and rough riding, driveshaft repairs may be the best way to prevent costly repairs in the future. Also, if your car is experiencing unusual noise and vibration, a driveshaft repair may be a quick and easy solution. If you don’t know how to diagnose a problem with your car, you can take it to a mechanic for an appointment and a quote.

China Gjf CV Axle OEM Car Parts Front Left Drive Shaft 43420-0e030 for Toyota Highlander C-To083A-8h a line drive shaft
editor by czh 2023-01-06

China supplier Good Price and Good quality Cv Joint Axle Drive Shaft for Nissan Hyundai Kia Mercedes benz Bmw Ford GM Toyota Honda drive shaft carrier bearing

Product: L 2, JCV676N, TDL9870R, ADT38967, J2822135, 859034, 40-571, J2822066, TY-80, 21710, 839, TO-067, GI-258, 0111-two hundred
Dimensions: OEM Size
Materials: Steel
Model Number: 44305-T2A-A50
Guarantee: twelve Months
Vehicle Make: FOR HONDA
MIN: 5 PCS
Payment Time period: L/C, TT, western union
Delivety time: stock
Packaging Information: BOX packing

Description:	Body Parts
OEM Number:	44305-T2A-A50
Market Kind:	Aftermarket
Application:	FOR honda
Price Term:	EXW HangZhou/HangZhou
Quality:	Produce according to the OE Elements
Packing:	Neutral packing or colored packing
Samples:	offer
Export Nations:	South The usa, Russia, Europe, The united states, Turkey…..